مطالعه نظاممند حقوق و تعهدات طرفین در قرارداد اجاره کشتی در چارچوب حقوق دریایی ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق دریاییمحسن فلاح 1 , خاطره دروگر لیچاهی 2
1 - استادیارحقوق بین الملل عمومی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد نوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مازندران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق ، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مازندران ایران
کلید واژه: تعهدات, قراداد, اجاره کشتی, حمل و نقل دریایی,
چکیده مقاله :
در پژوهش حاضر، حقوق و تعهدات طرفین در قرارداد اجاره کشتی با رویکردی نظاممند و مبتنی بر مقررات حقوق دریایی ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. قرارداد اجاره کشتی بهعنوان یکی از ابزارهای کلیدی در فعالیتهای حملونقل دریایی، نقش مهمی در نظمبخشی به روابط میان مالک کشتی و بهرهبردار آن ایفا میکند و کارآمدی آن تأثیر مستقیم بر تسهیل جابهجایی کالا و مسافر دارد. چارچوب قانونی این قرارداد در نظام حقوقی ایران، بهویژه در قانون دریایی مصوب ۱۳۴۳ و مقررات مکمل قانون مدنی، اصول و ضوابط ناظر بر ماهیت، شرایط و آثار این تعهدات را تعیین میکند. روش پژوهش توصیفی–تحلیلی بوده و دادهها بر اساس منابع کتابخانهای، اسناد حقوقی و متون تخصصی جمعآوری شده است. یافتهها نشان میدهد که ویژگیهایی همچون رضایی بودن، معوض بودن و لزوم اجرای تعهدات، همراه با تعیین مدت و موضوع مشخص، موجب شفافیت در روابط حقوقی بین موجر و مستأجر میشود و بستر لازم را برای انعطافپذیری قرارداد فراهم میآورد. نتیجه مطالعه بیانگر آن است که نظام حقوق دریایی ایران با تعریف دقیق حقوق و تکالیف طرفین، زمینه کارآمدی این قرارداد و ارتقای امنیت حقوقی در فرآیند حملونقل دریایی را فراهم کرده است.
This study examines the rights and obligations of the parties to ship charter contracts through a systematic approach based on the regulations of Iranian maritime law. As one of the key legal instruments in maritime transportation activities, the ship charter contract plays a significant role in regulating the relationship between the shipowner and the party utilizing the vessel, and its efficiency has a direct impact on facilitating the transport of goods and passengers. The legal framework governing this contract in the Iranian legal system, particularly the Maritime Law of 1964 and the supplementary provisions of the Civil Code, determines the principles and rules related to the nature, conditions, and effects of these obligations. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method, and the data have been collected through library resources, legal documents, and specialized texts. The findings indicate that features such as consensuality, consideration, the binding nature of obligations, as well as the specification of duration and subject matter, contribute to transparency in the legal relationship between the lessor and the lessee and provide the necessary basis for contractual flexibility. The results of the study show that the Iranian maritime legal system, by clearly defining the rights and duties of the parties, has provided the grounds for the effectiveness of this contract and the enhancement of legal certainty in the process of maritime transportation.
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