مروري بر الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب پذير: سنتز، پيشرفت ها و کاربردهاي زيست پزشکي
محورهای موضوعی : زیست پلاستیک ها و پلیمرهای تجديد پذیرمحمدحسین احمدی 1 , جعفر خادم زاده يگانه 2
1 - قم، دانشگاه صنعتي قم، دانشکده فني و مهندسي، گروه مهندسی پليمر
2 - دانشگاه صنعتی قم
کلید واژه: الاستومر, زیست تخریب پذیر, پلي استر, پلي اورتان, زيست‌پزشکي.,
چکیده مقاله :
الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب پذير مصنوعي، مانند پلي استرها و پلي يورتان ها، استراتژي ها و ابزارهاي درماني زيست پزشکي را متحول نموده اند. با کمک نوآوري در سنتز و فن آوري هاي فراورش، الاستومرهايي زيست تخريب پذير با خواص قابل کنترل و کارکردهاي مختلف توسعه يافته اند. الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب پذير به دليل قابليت کشساني بالا و استحکام ضربه عالي مي توانند تغيير شکل هاي مکرر را در دماي اتاق يا دماي بدن انسان تحمل و بازيابي کنند. بافت انعطاف پذير و خاصيت ارتجاعي الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب پذير آنها را قادر مي سازد تا خواص مکانيکي بافت هاي نرم بومي در بدن را تقليد کنند و خواص مکانيکي مناسب براي ساختارهاي مهندسي بافت ايجاد کنند. در اين بررسي، پيشرفت‌هاي اخير در سنتز، فناوري‌هاي فرآيند و کاربردهاي زيست‌پزشکي الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب‌پذير که به طور عمده بر پايه پلي استر و پلي اورتان مي باشند، خلاصه شده است. براي برآوردن نيازهاي متنوع کاربردهاي زيست پزشکي، الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب پذير چند منظوره با تنظيم روابط مکانيکي مناسب و رفتارهاي زيست تخريب پذير، بهبود زيست سازگاري و زيست فعالي و همچنين ساخت عملکردهاي هوشمند در حال توسعه هستند. سپس، کاربرد الاستومرهاي زيست تخريب پذير در زمينه مهندسي قلب و عروق، عصب و بافت استخوان، چسب زيستي مرور مي گردد. با وجود پیشرفت قابل توجه، هنوز بین مواد مورد نظر بالینی و الاستومرهای زیست تخریب پذیر گزارش شده از نظر خواص مکانیکی پیچیده و عملکردهای متنوع فاصله وجود دارد.
Biomedical remedial approaches and devices have been transformed by synthetic biodegradable elastomers like polyesters and polyurethanes. A number of biodegradable elastomers and related devices with controllable properties and various functionalities have been created as a result of technological advancements in synthesis and processing. Due to their relatively high maximum elongation and exceptional impact resistance, biodegradable elastomers are capable of withstanding and recovering from repeated deformations at either room temperature or body temperature. Their flexible texture and outstanding elasticity allow them to closely mimic the mechanical characteristics of soft native tissues, providing vital mechanical signals for tissue engineering structures. This study highlights the latest advancements in the synthesis methods, processing technologies, and biomedical applications of biodegradable elastomers which are mainly based on polyester and polyurethane. To meet the diverse needs of biomedical applications, multifunctional biodegradable elastomers are being developed with tailored mechanical properties, controlled biodegradation behavior, improved biocompatibility and bioactivity, as well as the incorporation of smart functionalities. We have then explored the use of biodegradable elastomers across various fields, including cardiovascular, nerve, and bone tissue engineering, as well as their application as bio-adhesives. Despite substantial advances, biodegradable elastomers continue to lack the sophisticated mechanical properties and diverse functionalities necessary for clinical use.
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