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  1 - Capability of issuing conditional cheques; A criticism to article 3 of Cheque Issuing Act modified at 1382/06/02
  فرشاد فرازمند
  The autonomy principle in payment and guarantee instruments such as Letters of Credits, Demand Guarantees (Bank Guarantees), Bills, Promissory Notes and Cheques have become one of the inseparable characteristics, to the point that it constitutes the nature of these in More

  The autonomy principle in payment and guarantee instruments such as Letters of Credits, Demand Guarantees (Bank Guarantees), Bills, Promissory Notes and Cheques have become one of the inseparable characteristics, to the point that it constitutes the nature of these instruments. Most countries laws and international conventions have identified the principle in their rules. Autonomy principle increases payment certainty remarkably so that any excuse, exterior from payment relationship cannot block payment procedure. On the other side the execution of the principle in absolute and inflexible manner can cause issuer (The person who is responsible for payment) to be harmed where the beneficiary is not entitled to pay rightfully and fairly. One of the ways which could reduce the absoluteness of autonomy principle and make it flexible is possibility of predicting conditions which acts as a complementary for autonomy principle in different rules and reduces harmful and unfair consequences of absolute application of autonomy principle. By comparatively study the provisions of various payment and guarantee instruments, In this research, we are trying to consider that are cheques, as a common payment and guarantee instrument among people, possible to be issued with conditions or not. Manuscript profile