Criticism of the theory of Muslim fundamentalists and theologians regarding the incompatibility of the principle of free will and causality
mohammadhasan ghadrdangharamalekie
1
(
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
)
javad hajipour
2
(
)
سجاد ساداتی زاده
3
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Sciences, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
)
Keywords: Sovereignty of the soul, habit of God, causality, free will, will, causal necessity,
Abstract :
The principle of free will and causality has a very old and ancient history among thinkers. In general, in both Islamic and Western realms, philosophers and thinkers are divided into two groups: compatibilists and incompatibilists. Compatibilists believe in the compatibility of the principle of free will, while incompatibilists believe in the sovereignty of determinism or free will, of course, by denying the sovereignty of causal causality. Among Islamic thinkers who have turned to the incompatibility between the principle of free will and causality, there are two exemplary groups; the first group is the Ash'arites, who, by proposing the theory of divine habit and especially the theory of ad to determinism; although they themselves deny determinism. In opposition to the principle of causality and the rule of causal necessity, Ash'arite theologians have tried to propose a theory that replaces causality and necessity and, by adhering to it, interpret the phenomena oftheory of "Adat Allah".
Another group of Islamic incompatibilities are the Usulians, who, by proposing the theory of the "sovereignty of the soul" over their actions, have denied the causal necessity of man's voluntary aerted to free will. According to the Usulians, an action is not necessary in the context of its complete cause, and since its will and principl on the soul by factors outside the soul, something else is necessary for man to become free, which is the sovereignty and inherent authority of the soul, with the help of which the soul has the requirements of the complete cause.