بررسی علل شکلگیری شکاف شمال- جنوب در اتحادیه اروپا
الموضوعات : اقدامات و سیاستهای سازمانها
1 - دانشگاه گیلان
الکلمات المفتاحية: شکاف شمال- جنوب اتحادیه اروپا بحران اقتصادی بحران بدهی قومیت فساد سیاسی حکمرانی,
ملخص المقالة :
امروزه شکاف شمال- جنوب در اروپا، مهمترین مسئلهای است که کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا با آن درگیر هستند؛ بهگونهای که این شکاف، روند همگرایی در اروپا را نیز، تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. درحقیقت شکاف شمال- جنوب، عصارهای از شکافهای کلاسیک اروپایی با عنوان شرقی- غربی، پیر- جوان، قارهمحور- آتلانتیکمحور و درنهایت توسعهنیافته- کمتر توسعهیافته است. اینکه این شکاف از کجا در اتحادیه اروپا شکل گرفت، چه ابعادی داشته و در چه سطوحی مطرح است؟ و اینکه بحران اقتصادی حوزه یورو چه نقشی در این شکاف دارد؟ مهمترین پرسشهایی است که این مقاله در چارچوب نظریه حکمرانی درصدد پاسخ به آنهاست. در این راستا، شکاف شمال- جنوب در اتحادیه اروپا در سه سطح بررسی شده است. در سطح ملی؛ ضعف ساختاری جنوب، ، فساد اقتصادی و سیاسی جنوب، شکاف در حکمرانی، سطح نابرابر تولید ناخالص و تفاوتهای مذهبی و فرهنگی داخلی میان کشورهای شمال و جنوب اروپا ازجمله عوامل اصلی موجد این شکاف است. در سطح منطقهای؛ اختلاف میان فرانسه و آلمان، بحران اقتصادی حوزه یورو و سیاستهای ریاضت اقتصادی مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر شکاف شمال و جنوب است و در سطح بینالملل؛ دو عامل جهانیشدن و بحران جهانی سبب تعمیق شکاف شمال و جنوب شدهاند.
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